Contemporary inclinations in research Methodology: New practices in English Teaching
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Dr.Gomatam Mohana Charyulu,
Professor of English,
Division of English, Dept of S&H,
VFSTR Deemed to be University,
Vadlamudi, AP India
9705513379
Research means adding something to the existing knowledge. It is a kind of knowing and inventing which is already existed. Research methodology is an application of logic used in the context of research study and explains the modes and means of using logic in establishing truth. Contemporary inclinations is a call to all the influential and elite people working in the field of research to publicize them to the latest trends and tools connected to research methodology promoted in maintaining new practices in English teaching. This paper focuses on the academic study by seeking various approaches and trends to proliferate an idea of creating a trend rather following the trend suitably maintained by originality. This paper proposes the Research Methodology is equivalent to originality with an application of Grounded theory to hold English teaching in Class room. At this context research strategy adopted to maintain the subject faces a challenge of content capture, deficiency in data and classroom dependence. To comer over such problems, a scheme is made where a few innovative approaches are mixed at various steps of research process. The paper concludes by safeguarding Strategic Intuition, Exploit Latest Digital Tools and Personal observations through freedom of format.
Keywords: Knowledge, Modern, Originality, Research, Trends and Tools.
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While submitting any research thesis or dissertation, the methods and methodology are widely discussed in the primary sections and preceding sections permit the reader to validate the reliability of the work. It covers various research points like type of research, data collected, analysis of the data and the tools used for validating the data and giving a conclusion by making rationale for the choosing the topic. When the researcher introduces the overall approach to the research, definitely he/she poses research problems or questions keeping in the mind, the quantitative or qualitative method depending on the discipline. Whether it is experimental or case studies, it requires a carefully designed study with a select or controlled variables selected by the researcher. If the scholars select quantitative method, survey, experiments, sampling method and data collection by employing various tools are observed for applying the method. The aim of approach is to find variables to test transparently the result for establishing the facts and findings. Qualitative methods guide the researcher in arranging Interviews, observation of focus groups, levels of participants type of material used to analyse and interpret data. Generally, Qualitative data is grounded in a subjective and interpretavist perspective and supports in-depth understanding of the situation investigated. There are certain limitations when the sample study is small and one cannot delimit the result of the study with wider applications as it is related with a small sample study. Semi Structured interviews, unstructured interviews, participant observation and data analyses are the primary approach in this method.
The selection and process of the research is completely depend on the choice of methodology adopted for the study underlying the primary principles on research questions and formulations. The semi structured interviews furnish the researcher qualitative data and the questionnaire deliver quantitative data. However, these distinctions may fail sometimes applying on the language data analysis, frequency of words. The research strategy, design and possible methods are depended on the area of the research selected for the investigation. It is the prime duty of the researcher to be very strict and stringent in the selection. Thus research methods, research techniques and research methodologies are frequently used by the scholars with inclined perplexity. As Kothari says;
“Thus, when we talk of Research Methodology we no only talk of the research methods bu also consider the logic behind the methods we use in the ccontext of our research study and explain why we are using a particular method or technique and why we are not using others so that research results are capable of being evaluated either by the rsearcher himself or by others” (CR Kothari, 2019)
The basic question in research is to follow the previous research or to create something different from the existing system of research. To attempt answer to these questions, it is basically viewed that instead of discussing the visible approaches in various fields of research, it is better to contribute original ideas on the area research. Primarily, everyone says that the research starts with going back to the study of basics. The strong foundations on the basic principles of the area gives strength to the merit of the work carried out. For this, the researcher starts digging deep into the existing scriptural texts as primary and secondary sources for the benefit of future argument. The limitations and the scope of such a research refereed to literary and philosophical studies surpass multiple layers of faith that already strongly exist in the world. These are taken as “quote” in the text with the due recognition.
The natural tendency of creating an independent work by the research scholar is an asset to the area of research. Today, the intensity of the need is on large scale and being innovative and creative is the order of the day under multiple examination of the work. So the researcher approach towards preparing a paper, dissertation or thesis is highly obvious from re-presenting and re-organising. But it intends to be original, rational and consistence in argument of the subject neither copied from other sources nor reorganizing others work. Some of the methodologies as described by Clarke, R.J. (2005) in his Seminar Series, “Research Models and Methodologies”
“Hermeneutics
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Historically linked to studies relating to biblical exegesis and the legal profession.
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Ethnogenic
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In this, the researcher is interested in hoe subjects of the research theorist about their own behaviour rather than imposing a theory from outside. It has several aims to the epistemic exploration of knowledge, and an example of it is 'that it attempts to represent the totality of the social, cultural and economic situations, regarding the context to be equally important as the action.
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Correlational
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This is a quantitative research, and it describes the statistical measures of association or relationships between two phenomena (can determine relationships, and also attempts to predict behaviour.
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Experimental
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This is a type of research that seeks to isolate and control every relevant conditions that determines event investigated in order to observe the effects when conditions are manipulated.
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Descriptive
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This type of research relies on observation as a means of collecting data. This can apply research methods techniques like interviews, questionnaires and selective observation of events.
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Action
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This has some similarity with experimental research, but done in the real world - it is a type of intervention that is carried out on the spot, and constantly seeks to monitor and evaluate and provide conclusion, and hence considered as a form of exploratory research.
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Feminist
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This type of research is considered modern as it has no single set of methodologies - rather a related set of practices which start from a position on research which says that gender and issues of identity politics must be considered as an enormously influential category in social theory.
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Cultural
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This is a form of postmodern / post-structuralist type of research predominantly concerned with language and cultural interpretation, and for which issues emanating are considered central to sociological studies. This seeks to apply three approached, particularly in the interpretation of texts: - contents analysis: a type of positivist of attempt in identifying subjective meaning in the cultural domain. - Semiotics: this attempts to gain a deep understanding of meanings through the interpretation of single element of texts and in return 'tracing the meanings of things back through the systems and codes on which they have meanings (Slater, 1995: 240). - Discourse analysis: this study way that people communicate within social settings.”
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Strauss’s “Grounded Theory” is also applied to evaluate the research work. Every research scholar naturally find enough review of literature in various forms. It is his work that makes all the literature available to bring into the light themselves with contemporary research trends proposed by Research Methodology. Therefore, this theory proposes the basic position of the research is based on researcher’s observation, calculations, inventions and analysis.
Kutastwaa kashmalam idam vishame samupasthitam;
Anaaryajushtam aswargyam akeertikaram arjuna.’ (II:ii Gita)
Anaaryajushtam aswargyam akeertikaram arjuna.’ (II:ii Gita)
The Blessed Lord said:
‘Whence is this perilous strait come upon thee, this dejection which is unworthy of thee, disgraceful, and which will close the gates of heaven upon thee, O Arjuna?’
‘Whence is this perilous strait come upon thee, this dejection which is unworthy of thee, disgraceful, and which will close the gates of heaven upon thee, O Arjuna?’
If there is an answer to the question raised by the researcher intelligence, there is no problem. If it is not so, what better possible way to conclude may sound like “Utopia”. In conclusion, it is worth noting that the points discussed above all i.e. researth methods, methodology and approaches are all integral part of the ontological and epistemological quest for knowledge whether it is language and literary studies. At this juncture, it is in the hands of the researcher to make it evident in pursuit of innovative explorations so as to make the research possible results in positive which value human understanding. There is also possibility of test verification through data interpretation confirm the authenticity of the work carried out on various theoretical and practical grounds.
References:
1. Bhavana Sharama, M. R., 2015. Need of Bhagavad Gita Concepts in the Present Scenerio of Professional Education, New Delhi: SR Publications.
2. CR Kothari, G. G, 2019. Research methodlolgoy, Methods and Techniques, Ch.I Fourth Ed. New Delhi: New Age International Limited.
3. Duggan, W., 2008. Strategic Intuition. First ed. Noida: Harper Collins.
4. Stephen ARO-GORDON, P,. 2015. Emerging Trends in Social Science Research, interactive Session with UG and PG students held at PES University, Bangalore South Campus, Electronic City, Bangalore 560100, India
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